Fluid pressure creating device



AUS 25,1941 J. w. WHITE 2,294,351 I v FLUID PRESSURE CREATING DEVICE -80 65 92 @I i lll Y 86 84 5. y E

PUG. 2 a I a7 INVENTOR. 95 Jol-m wn-mr l1, B Y l f1/ww:

55- ll A glam? Al1g- 25, 1942- J. w. WHITE FLUID PRESSURE CREATING DEVICE 4.sheetssneet .2

Filed June l0, 1938 NTOR WET'

' INV @HN W. V1

. ATTORIVEY.

HW j) Aug. 25, 1942. J. w. WHITE 2,294,351

FLUID PRESSURE CREATING .DEVICE Filed June l0, 1938 4 SheetsSheet 3 lar/,Wfl f:

INV EN TOR.

dce-IN w. wm'r ATTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 25, 1942 2,294,351 FLUID PRESSURE CREATING DEVICE John W. White, South Bend, Ind., assignor to Bendix Products Corporation, South Bend, Ind., a corporation of Indiana Application June 10, 1938, Serial No. 212,868

(Cl. G-54.6)

4 Claims.

This invention relates to braking systems of thel fiuid pressure type.

One object of the invention is to provide a duid pressure braking system for a vehicle adapted to be manually controlled from the exterior of the vehicle of the type disclosed in the copending application Serial No. 211,554 led jointly by applicant and William Stelzer (issued as Patent No. 2,274,021)

Another object of the invention is to provide the braking system with a novel fluid pressure Figure l'is a top plan view of a mine car showing diagrammatically the braking system and its operating mechanism;

Figure 2 is a view in vertical section taken sub stantially through the center of a vertical master producing device so constructed as to compensate for any expansion or contraction of iiuid when the system is operating and so as to obviate the danger of bursting conduits due to variations in temperature.

A further object of the invention is vto provide a novel vertical master cylinder having a compensating port slightly ahead of the piston head when the piston is in its fully retracted position and a valve controlled auxiliary chamber acting as an auxiliary supply port.

Although other uses are apparent I have shown my invention as embodied with a mine car. 'Ihe speed of a mine car, loaded or unloaded, is low enough so that the miner` may walk along his car and either retard the speed somewhat when coming to a curve or slope by partial application of the lever or stop the car completely by maximum application of the lever.

Since for all practical purposes the temperature within a mine is nearly constant there is little danger that the conduits may burst due to expansion of the fluid during a prolonged application of the system.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel wheel cylinder for the braking sys-` tern having two oppositely acting pistons therein, adapted to give a longer stroke than has heretofore, been obtained.

Another object of the invention is to provide a wheel cylinder for the braking system having means such as a plate at its inner periphery to limit the travel of the retracting pistons so that they will not overrun their respective chambers.

Since the wheels of a mine car are loosely journaled, there will be some play or free movement when a curve is being rounded. To compensate for this loose movement my wheel cylinder is provided having a longer stroke capable of setting the retarding mechanism sumciently without any brake slipping due to such movement.

Other objects and desirable particular con` cylinder constructed according to my invention;

Figure 3 is a view in side elevation of the vertical master cylinder of Figure 2, the view being taken substantially on the line'3-3 of Figure 2 and the cylinder being shown on a slightly reduced scale;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary view in side elevation of a portion of a mine car showing oneL of the wheel cylinders in their relation to the wheels;

- Figure 5 is a view in vertical section of one of my novel wheel cylinders;

Figure 6 is another view of the wheel cylinder taken substantially on line 6 6 of Figure 5;

Figure '7 is a view partly in section illustrating a modified form of my novel master cylinder; and

Figure 8 is a view in vertical section showing a modied wheel brake structure and modified wheel cylinder.

Referring now to the drawings for a more detailed description, my invention is shown in Figure 1 as'being incorporated with a mine car indicated generally by the numeral I0. The car I0 has a body I2 having parallel sides and outwardly stamped front and rear portions. Suitably secured to the inner front portion of the body I2 is the vertical master cylinder I4 having discharge conduits I6 communicating with wheel cylinders I8. The master cylinder also carries a forwardly extending shaft I5 which extends through the front portion of the body and which has suitably connected thereto the actuating lever 26 travelling within a notched guide member 28.

The car I0 is provided with wheels 20 having shafts 22 supported within journals 24 secured to` the bottom of the car. Suitably fastened to the mine car between the wheels are depending anges 30 (see Figure 4) having inwardly bent portions 32. The wheel cylinders 8 are supported by and secured to these bent portions by means such as bolts 34.

'I'he wheel cylinders I8 have oppositely acting push-rods 36 operatively connected to the brake shoes 38. 'I'he shoes are pivotally supported on the mine car by means such as links 40 and the latter are connected by retractile springs '42 having suiiiclent force to urge the shoes to their normal position after applying force is released. To compensate for the wear of the brake shoes the push-rods 36 are provided with adjusting nuts 44. Turning these nuts forces the shoes outwardly to compensate for the surface recession.

The preferred form of master cylinder according to my invention is illustrated in Figure 2 and is indicated generally by the numeral I4. It has a body 46 forming a -fluid reservoir 48, a piston 50, an actuating crank 52 secured to the shaft I5, and an appended cylinder 54 secured thereto.

A removable cover plate 56 is secured to the fluid reservoir 48 by means such as bolts 58,

and is provided with a filling passage bore 60 receiving the plug 62. Anotherbore 64 is also provided in the cover plate 56 which has an adjustable stud 66 arranged to predetermine the return travel of the actuating crank 52 and the resultant release position of the piston 50. When properly set the remainder of the bore above the stud is filled with lead or otherv molten metal so as to prevent any tampering with the adjustment. y The actuating crank 52 is secured to the extending shaft |5 by means such as a bolt 68 and has its free end slotted so as to receive a "roller held within the slot by means such as a pin 12. The roller contacts the pistonI 50 and serves to distribute the force and minimize the friction `on the piston end as the crank moves forcing the piston downwardly.

The upper portion of the appended cylinder 54 is formed with a grooved section 14 so as to permit the downward movement of the crank 52 within it as it acts upon the piston. Formed in the cylinder 54 slightly below the grooved section 14' is a passage 16 by which the interior of the cylinder communicates with the fluid reservoir. The passage cooperates with a peripheral groove 11 in the piston when the latter is in its retracted position so as to provide a lubricating system for the piston and the cylinder.

The head or lower end of the piston 58 is fitted with a rubber cup 18 retained by a metallic head 88, both being secured to the piston by means of a master pin 82. The rubber cup is formed so that on'the downward stroke the lips thereof spread against the cylinder walls prohibiting fluid return.' A light spring 84 rests on the metallic head 80 at one end and on the lower end of the cylinder at the other. The lower end of the cylinder 54 is formed with a discharge port 85.

Formed through the lower plate of the fluid reservoir 46 and in the side wall of the cylinder 54 are supply passages 86 and 81 which communicate with the reservoir 48 and the cylinder 54 but are normally separated by a valve 88 held in closed position by means of the spring 90. The valve 88 is fitted with a rubber washer 94 and has a stem 96. The stem is formed with a longitudinal slot 98 through which there extends a pin |00 arranged with the valve from complete displacement upon a sudden vacuum. When vacuum occurs on the return stroke of the piston the valve 'is unseated and fluid is supplied to the cylinder by means of the passage 86. Communicating with the supply passage 86 and the cylinder 54 just ahead of the cup 'I8, when the latter is in its fully retracted position, is a compensating port 92 supplying iluid to the cylinder or ley-passing fluid from the cylinder when fluid contraction or expansion occurs in the system. 'Ihe vertical master cylinder 46 is shown on a slightly reduced scale in Figure 3. Therein is shown a U-shaped block I3 adapted to be secured to the lever 26 by means such as a bolt 25, the block I3 being also suitably secured to the free-end of the shaft I5.

Referring now to Figures 4-6, there is shown one embodiment of my novel wheel cylinder. The wheel cylinder, indicated generally by the numeral I8, receives reciprocably therein oppositely acting pistons246 operatively connected to push-rods 36, the push-rods extending into recesses 241. formed in the pistons. Suitably fastened to the wheel cylinders and to the pushrods 36 are flexible boots 250 arranged to keep out dirt and grit. The piston heads 246 areformed with inwardly extending decreased diameter portions 252 and have secured thereon sealing washers 254 adapted to distend against the cylinder walls upon the braking stroke of the pistons. To hold these rubber washers in place metallic washers 256 are provided, retained in place by a splitspringwasher 258. An inlet port 260 connected with a conduit I6 communicates with the interior of cylinder along its vertical central axis. The cylinder also has a bleed port 26| controlled by a bleed screw 262.

I provide means to limit the inward travel .of the pistons. A disk 264 having a central aperture 266 is seated in a groove 261 in the inner peripheral portion of the cylinder at its central vertical axis. The aperture 266 permits fluid communication with both of the piston heads.

The disk 264 acts as a limiting member for the return travel of the pistons. Such an arrangement allows a greater stroke.

In operation as the lever 26 is actuated the shaft I5 rotates carrying the actuating crank 52. The crank contacts and forces the piston 58 downwardly 'in the cylinder 54. 0n the compression stroke the rubber cup 18 distends against the Walls of the cylinder insuring a seal tight fit. The fluid is discharged through the port 85 into the conduits I6 and to the wheel cylinders I8. The pistons 246 actuate the push-rods 36 and move the brake shoes 38 against the surface of the wheels 20 retarding their rotation. Upon releasing of the brake the piston is retracted and should any partial vacuum occur the difierence in pressures unseat valve 88 and fluid is supplied to the cylinder through the passages 86-81. During such time the rubber cup 18 is prevented from complete displacement from the piston head by the spring 84.

A modification of the master cylinder of my lcorresponding to parts shown in Figure 2 are designated by the same reference numeral increased by 100. It is to be understood that the actuating rod |26 is to be connected for actuation to a lever similar to lever 26 so arranged that it can be retained against release. modification, there is shown a horizontal master cylinder III) having a fuel reservoir |48 and a cylinder proper |54 formed integrally with the reservoir. The top of the reservoir |48 is provided with a removable cover plate |56 secured thereto by means such as bolts |58. Also provided within the cover plate |56 is a filling opening tted with a vented plug |62. Reciproca'bly In the Ani adjusting member 24 having a longitudinal bore connects the actuating rod |26 and the piston rod Against the member |24, there bears one end of a pre-loaded spring |28, the member having an enlarged diameter portion acting as a shoulder for said end o1' the spring. A nut |30 is threaded on the :forward enlarged diameter portion or the piston rod |5| and acts as an abutment for the other end of the spring. The .piston rod |5| is provided with av longitudinal' slot 3| receiving a pin |32 which passes through a sleeve-like forward extension |33 of the member |24, and limits the separation of the member |24 from the piston rod Isl. TheA spring |28 is sleeved about the extending portion |33 of the member |24, and is preloaded so as normally to tend to separate the member |24 and the nut |30 to form a clearance |30a between said member |24 and the nut |30. The purpose of such clearance will appear more fully hereinafter. Within a recess |38 in the member |24 there is an adjusting nut |40 threaded on the actuating rod |26 for adjusting the position of the member |24 relative to the rod |26. Rod 26 has a slot |34 within .which a pinf |36 secured in member |24 slides, thus preventirm rotation between the members |24 and |26 but permitting longitudinal movement when said adjustment is being made. Secured, also, to the shoulder of the member |24 at one end and to the rear portion o! the cylinder at its other end by means such as straps |42 and |44 is a flexible boot |45.

spring |28 is reached. When this point is reached the piston retracts slightly taking up partly the clearance 53,` thus preventing any danger of the conduits bursting when the brakes are in an aplplied position. On the other hand, .if there is contraction of fluid the extension of the compressed spring |28 maintains the brakes applied. In FlgureA8, I have shown as a modiilcation an internal expansion brake provided with a wheel cylinder constructed according` to my invention. In that figure, shoes 336 and 336a are adapted to be moved into contact with a rotating brake drum 3|3 by wheel cylinders 3|8 and 3| 8% Depending on the direction of rotation of the drum, the shoes anchor separately through one end or the other on the wheel lcylinders as will be later explained. ,Each wheel cylinder 3|8 or 3|8 is provided with a pair of pistons 346 and 341. Each piston 346 and 341 is provided with a square-in-section sealing ring 354 set in asquare-in-section' groove 355, the groove being slightly wider than the' ring but the ring being at least as thick as y,the groove is deep. Between the pistons 346 and 341,

\ the cylinder is formed with a ridge or stop 364 against which the inner ends of the pistons abut.

Inlet and bleed ports 360 and 36| are provided.

In forward braking (drum moving counterclock-v wise) the end 331 of the shoe`336 anchors in a The head of the piston |50' is provided with a boss |8| having sleeved thereon a sealing cup |80. The cup |80 is urged against the piston head by means such as a'retaining disk |83 held in place by a spring |81. 'I'he other end of spring |81 is seated against a split-spring washer |89, which seats in a grooved portion of a boss 8| formed on the piston |50. The rear of the pist0n is -provided with a peripheral grooved portion |14 seating a sealing washer |15 which prevents iluid flow to the rear of the piston. A compensating port |92 communicates with the cylinder |54 slightlyahead of the cup |80 when the piston is in its fully retracted position. A supply port |86 :communicates with the@ cylinder at its forward end and is controlled by a valve |88 having a stem |96. The stem passes through an abutment |99 and has a nut |91 threaded at its free en'd. Between the nut |91 and abutment |99 there is inserted a spring |90 which sur-v rounds the valve stem, urges the valve |88 to its seat and thus closes the supply port |86.

The rear end of the member |24 is locked by a nut |11. By loosening the nut |11 and turning the nut |40, the actuating rod |26 may be adjusted as desired relative to the member |24 and the piston rod |5|.' The spring |28, beingfpreloaded, its stored force equals or slightly exceeds the maximum'force reacting on the piston head during normal operation of the brakes.

In the operation of the modified master cylinder ||0, application ofi force to the rod |26 transmits force to the member |24. The member |24 transmits force to the rod |5I through the spring |28 and thus moves the piston |50 on its compression stroke. When it is desired to set the brakes over a period of time' and to provide :for expansion or, contraction oi iluid while the brakes are set during temperature variations,

the brakes are applied untilA the spring |28 is partly compressed. y Thereafter, if there is any.

expansion of fluid, the pressure at the head of the groove 338 formed in the head 339 of a bolt 340 threaded in a bore 34| formed in the piston 341.

v'I'he end 331al similarly anchors on 339s. The shoe 336l is applied by the piston 34'6 acting on the end 335 of the shoe`336". The shoe 336 is similarly applied by the corresponding piston of the gylinder 3| 8 acting on the end 335 of said shoe In anchoring on reverse braking the shoes 336 and 336 anchor through ends 335B and 335 on piston 346 and the corresponding piston of cylinder 3|8 respectively. The stops 364 are arranged to take the anchoring load as well as arranged to position the piston and shoes when the -brakes are released.

Dust caps 350 and 35| are provided and springs 342, 343, 342u the shoes to the released position shown and to control the initial brake application. The brakes may also be applied5 by mechanical means oomprising a cable 369 connected to one end of aV lever 310 pivoted on shoe 336 at 312 through a strut link 314 on shoe 3368.

The brakes may be adjusted for wear by rotation of the serrated heads 339 of the bolts 340, thus unscrewing the bolts 340 in the bores 34| of the pistons 341, rotation of the piston during adjustment being prevented by pins.316 in slots and acting While several illustrative embodiments have been described in detail, it is not my intention to limit the scope oi' the invention to those particular embodiments or otherwise than by the y terms of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A piston actuating means lor. a hydraulic for resiliently 4moving the rod and piston longitudinally in response to movement of the member, a manually operable element, and an adjusting nut screwed on the manually operable element and constraining the intermediate member .to

and 343 are arranged to return cylinder comprising a longitudinally move longitudinauyvwith @pnible element.

2. A piston actuating me mov connected to the piston, a manu-ally ment not directly connected termediate member sleeved ,aboutv the ,.vrod' and about the manually operable elementandlcapable of limited longitudinal moveflleplf?v tlativetdthe rod, a spring associated Witnl the vintermediate member and the rod for resiliently'moving the rod and piston longitudinally in response-to movement ofthe intermediate membe'nand an adjust-l 4 ing device' movable during adjustment longitufv dinally along the manually operable element and contacting the intermediate member to constrain.

it to move longitudinally with ,the manuallyl operable element.

13. A piston actuating means for a hydraulic cylinder comprising a longitudinally movable rod connected to the piston, an intermediate member sleeved about the rod and connected by a pin and slot to the rod, a spring associated withrthe member and the rod for resiliently moving the,

rod and piston longitudinally inl responsev to vmovement 'I iievril,y am lily elementrnadmsg nt'scewa allyloper-able"` element and-'90,11

mediatev Amember "to t s ove long manuallyloperableve y holding, the adju ting; .put namanuauy o ame element ini position, after adi ustme. 4. A'piston'actuatig meansfoiia; inder comprising a longitudinally connected to the piston, anintermediat 20' ber tonmove longitudinally Withfthe manually operable element, anda plurality offmeansnffor preventing rotation of the inter-mediate'iriexfnber`r vrelative to eitherthe rod or the manuallyoperf able element. 'l

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